/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2015 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
 *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
 *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
 *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
 *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
 *
 */

#include "modules/video_coding/codecs/h264/h264_decoder_impl.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>

extern "C" {
#include "third_party/ffmpeg/libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "third_party/ffmpeg/libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "third_party/ffmpeg/libavutil/imgutils.h"
}  // extern "C"

#include "api/video/i420_buffer.h"
#include "common_video/include/video_frame_buffer.h"
#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
#include "rtc_base/criticalsection.h"
#include "rtc_base/keep_ref_until_done.h"
#include "rtc_base/logging.h"
#include "system_wrappers/include/metrics.h"

namespace webrtc {

namespace {

const AVPixelFormat kPixelFormat = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
const size_t kYPlaneIndex = 0;
const size_t kUPlaneIndex = 1;
const size_t kVPlaneIndex = 2;

// Used by histograms. Values of entries should not be changed.
enum H264DecoderImplEvent {
  kH264DecoderEventInit = 0,
  kH264DecoderEventError = 1,
  kH264DecoderEventMax = 16,
};

#if defined(WEBRTC_INITIALIZE_FFMPEG)

rtc::CriticalSection ffmpeg_init_lock;
bool ffmpeg_initialized = false;

// Called by FFmpeg to do mutex operations if initialized using
// |InitializeFFmpeg|. Disabling thread safety analysis because void** does not
// play nicely with thread_annotations.h macros.
int LockManagerOperation(void** lock,
                         AVLockOp op) RTC_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
  switch (op) {
    case AV_LOCK_CREATE:
      *lock = new rtc::CriticalSection();
      return 0;
    case AV_LOCK_OBTAIN:
      static_cast<rtc::CriticalSection*>(*lock)->Enter();
      return 0;
    case AV_LOCK_RELEASE:
      static_cast<rtc::CriticalSection*>(*lock)->Leave();
      return 0;
    case AV_LOCK_DESTROY:
      delete static_cast<rtc::CriticalSection*>(*lock);
      *lock = nullptr;
      return 0;
  }
  RTC_NOTREACHED() << "Unrecognized AVLockOp.";
  return -1;
}

void InitializeFFmpeg() {
  rtc::CritScope cs(&ffmpeg_init_lock);
  if (!ffmpeg_initialized) {
    if (av_lockmgr_register(LockManagerOperation) < 0) {
      RTC_NOTREACHED() << "av_lockmgr_register failed.";
      return;
    }
    av_register_all();
    ffmpeg_initialized = true;
  }
}

#endif  // defined(WEBRTC_INITIALIZE_FFMPEG)

}  // namespace

int H264DecoderImpl::AVGetBuffer2(
    AVCodecContext* context, AVFrame* av_frame, int flags) {
  // Set in |InitDecode|.
  H264DecoderImpl* decoder = static_cast<H264DecoderImpl*>(context->opaque);
  // DCHECK values set in |InitDecode|.
  RTC_DCHECK(decoder);
  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(context->pix_fmt, kPixelFormat);
  // Necessary capability to be allowed to provide our own buffers.
  RTC_DCHECK(context->codec->capabilities | AV_CODEC_CAP_DR1);

  // |av_frame->width| and |av_frame->height| are set by FFmpeg. These are the
  // actual image's dimensions and may be different from |context->width| and
  // |context->coded_width| due to reordering.
  int width = av_frame->width;
  int height = av_frame->height;
  // See |lowres|, if used the decoder scales the image by 1/2^(lowres). This
  // has implications on which resolutions are valid, but we don't use it.
  RTC_CHECK_EQ(context->lowres, 0);
  // Adjust the |width| and |height| to values acceptable by the decoder.
  // Without this, FFmpeg may overflow the buffer. If modified, |width| and/or
  // |height| are larger than the actual image and the image has to be cropped
  // (top-left corner) after decoding to avoid visible borders to the right and
  // bottom of the actual image.
  avcodec_align_dimensions(context, &width, &height);

  RTC_CHECK_GE(width, 0);
  RTC_CHECK_GE(height, 0);
  int ret = av_image_check_size(static_cast<unsigned int>(width),
                                static_cast<unsigned int>(height), 0, nullptr);
  if (ret < 0) {
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "Invalid picture size " << width << "x" << height;
    decoder->ReportError();
    return ret;
  }

  // The video frame is stored in |frame_buffer|. |av_frame| is FFmpeg's version
  // of a video frame and will be set up to reference |frame_buffer|'s data.

  // FFmpeg expects the initial allocation to be zero-initialized according to
  // http://crbug.com/390941. Our pool is set up to zero-initialize new buffers.
  // TODO(nisse): Delete that feature from the video pool, instead add
  // an explicit call to InitializeData here.
  rtc::scoped_refptr<I420Buffer> frame_buffer =
      decoder->pool_.CreateBuffer(width, height);

  int y_size = width * height;
  int uv_size = frame_buffer->ChromaWidth() * frame_buffer->ChromaHeight();
  // DCHECK that we have a continuous buffer as is required.
  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(frame_buffer->DataU(), frame_buffer->DataY() + y_size);
  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(frame_buffer->DataV(), frame_buffer->DataU() + uv_size);
  int total_size = y_size + 2 * uv_size;

  av_frame->format = context->pix_fmt;
  av_frame->reordered_opaque = context->reordered_opaque;

  // Set |av_frame| members as required by FFmpeg.
  av_frame->data[kYPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->MutableDataY();
  av_frame->linesize[kYPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->StrideY();
  av_frame->data[kUPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->MutableDataU();
  av_frame->linesize[kUPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->StrideU();
  av_frame->data[kVPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->MutableDataV();
  av_frame->linesize[kVPlaneIndex] = frame_buffer->StrideV();
  RTC_DCHECK_EQ(av_frame->extended_data, av_frame->data);

  // Create a VideoFrame object, to keep a reference to the buffer.
  // TODO(nisse): The VideoFrame's timestamp and rotation info is not used.
  // Refactor to do not use a VideoFrame object at all.
  av_frame->buf[0] = av_buffer_create(
      av_frame->data[kYPlaneIndex],
      total_size,
      AVFreeBuffer2,
      static_cast<void*>(new VideoFrame(frame_buffer,
                                        0 /* timestamp */,
                                        0 /* render_time_ms */,
                                        kVideoRotation_0)),
      0);
  RTC_CHECK(av_frame->buf[0]);
  return 0;
}

void H264DecoderImpl::AVFreeBuffer2(void* opaque, uint8_t* data) {
  // The buffer pool recycles the buffer used by |video_frame| when there are no
  // more references to it. |video_frame| is a thin buffer holder and is not
  // recycled.
  VideoFrame* video_frame = static_cast<VideoFrame*>(opaque);
  delete video_frame;
}

H264DecoderImpl::H264DecoderImpl() : pool_(true),
                                     decoded_image_callback_(nullptr),
                                     has_reported_init_(false),
                                     has_reported_error_(false) {
}

H264DecoderImpl::~H264DecoderImpl() {
  Release();
}

int32_t H264DecoderImpl::InitDecode(const VideoCodec* codec_settings,
                                    int32_t number_of_cores) {
  ReportInit();
  if (codec_settings &&
      codec_settings->codecType != kVideoCodecH264) {
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERR_PARAMETER;
  }

  // FFmpeg must have been initialized (with |av_lockmgr_register| and
  // |av_register_all|) before we proceed. |InitializeFFmpeg| does this, which
  // makes sense for WebRTC standalone. In other cases, such as Chromium, FFmpeg
  // is initialized externally and calling |InitializeFFmpeg| would be
  // thread-unsafe and result in FFmpeg being initialized twice, which could
  // break other FFmpeg usage. See the |rtc_initialize_ffmpeg| flag.
#if defined(WEBRTC_INITIALIZE_FFMPEG)
  // Make sure FFmpeg has been initialized. Subsequent |InitializeFFmpeg| calls
  // do nothing.
  InitializeFFmpeg();
#endif

  // Release necessary in case of re-initializing.
  int32_t ret = Release();
  if (ret != WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK) {
    ReportError();
    return ret;
  }
  RTC_DCHECK(!av_context_);

  // Initialize AVCodecContext.
  av_context_.reset(avcodec_alloc_context3(nullptr));

  av_context_->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
  av_context_->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
  if (codec_settings) {
    av_context_->coded_width = codec_settings->width;
    av_context_->coded_height = codec_settings->height;
  }
  av_context_->pix_fmt = kPixelFormat;
  av_context_->extradata = nullptr;
  av_context_->extradata_size = 0;

  // If this is ever increased, look at |av_context_->thread_safe_callbacks| and
  // make it possible to disable the thread checker in the frame buffer pool.
  av_context_->thread_count = 1;
  av_context_->thread_type = FF_THREAD_SLICE;

  // Function used by FFmpeg to get buffers to store decoded frames in.
  av_context_->get_buffer2 = AVGetBuffer2;
  // |get_buffer2| is called with the context, there |opaque| can be used to get
  // a pointer |this|.
  av_context_->opaque = this;
  // Use ref counted frames (av_frame_unref).
  av_context_->refcounted_frames = 1;  // true

  AVCodec* codec = avcodec_find_decoder(av_context_->codec_id);
  if (!codec) {
    // This is an indication that FFmpeg has not been initialized or it has not
    // been compiled/initialized with the correct set of codecs.
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "FFmpeg H.264 decoder not found.";
    Release();
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERROR;
  }
  int res = avcodec_open2(av_context_.get(), codec, nullptr);
  if (res < 0) {
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "avcodec_open2 error: " << res;
    Release();
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERROR;
  }

  av_frame_.reset(av_frame_alloc());
  return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
}

int32_t H264DecoderImpl::Release() {
  av_context_.reset();
  av_frame_.reset();
  return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
}

int32_t H264DecoderImpl::RegisterDecodeCompleteCallback(
    DecodedImageCallback* callback) {
  decoded_image_callback_ = callback;
  return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
}

int32_t H264DecoderImpl::Decode(const EncodedImage& input_image,
                                bool /*missing_frames*/,
                                const RTPFragmentationHeader* /*fragmentation*/,
                                const CodecSpecificInfo* codec_specific_info,
                                int64_t /*render_time_ms*/) {
  if (!IsInitialized()) {
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_UNINITIALIZED;
  }
  if (!decoded_image_callback_) {
    LOG(LS_WARNING) << "InitDecode() has been called, but a callback function "
        "has not been set with RegisterDecodeCompleteCallback()";
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_UNINITIALIZED;
  }
  if (!input_image._buffer || !input_image._length) {
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERR_PARAMETER;
  }
  if (codec_specific_info &&
      codec_specific_info->codecType != kVideoCodecH264) {
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERR_PARAMETER;
  }

  // FFmpeg requires padding due to some optimized bitstream readers reading 32
  // or 64 bits at once and could read over the end. See avcodec_decode_video2.
  RTC_CHECK_GE(input_image._size, input_image._length +
                   EncodedImage::GetBufferPaddingBytes(kVideoCodecH264));
  // "If the first 23 bits of the additional bytes are not 0, then damaged MPEG
  // bitstreams could cause overread and segfault." See
  // AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE. We'll zero the entire padding just in case.
  memset(input_image._buffer + input_image._length,
         0,
         EncodedImage::GetBufferPaddingBytes(kVideoCodecH264));

  AVPacket packet;
  av_init_packet(&packet);
  packet.data = input_image._buffer;
  if (input_image._length >
      static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max())) {
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERROR;
  }
  packet.size = static_cast<int>(input_image._length);
  av_context_->reordered_opaque = input_image.ntp_time_ms_ * 1000;  // ms -> μs

  int frame_decoded = 0;
  int result = avcodec_decode_video2(av_context_.get(),
                                     av_frame_.get(),
                                     &frame_decoded,
                                     &packet);
  if (result < 0) {
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "avcodec_decode_video2 error: " << result;
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERROR;
  }
  // |result| is number of bytes used, which should be all of them.
  if (result != packet.size) {
    LOG(LS_ERROR) << "avcodec_decode_video2 consumed " << result << " bytes "
        "when " << packet.size << " bytes were expected.";
    ReportError();
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_ERROR;
  }

  if (!frame_decoded) {
    LOG(LS_WARNING) << "avcodec_decode_video2 successful but no frame was "
        "decoded.";
    return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
  }

  // Obtain the |video_frame| containing the decoded image.
  VideoFrame* video_frame = static_cast<VideoFrame*>(
      av_buffer_get_opaque(av_frame_->buf[0]));
  RTC_DCHECK(video_frame);
  rtc::scoped_refptr<webrtc::I420BufferInterface> i420_buffer =
      video_frame->video_frame_buffer()->GetI420();
  RTC_CHECK_EQ(av_frame_->data[kYPlaneIndex], i420_buffer->DataY());
  RTC_CHECK_EQ(av_frame_->data[kUPlaneIndex], i420_buffer->DataU());
  RTC_CHECK_EQ(av_frame_->data[kVPlaneIndex], i420_buffer->DataV());
  video_frame->set_timestamp(input_image._timeStamp);

  rtc::Optional<uint8_t> qp;
  // TODO(sakal): Maybe it is possible to get QP directly from FFmpeg.
  h264_bitstream_parser_.ParseBitstream(input_image._buffer,
                                        input_image._length);
  int qp_int;
  if (h264_bitstream_parser_.GetLastSliceQp(&qp_int)) {
    qp.emplace(qp_int);
  }

  // The decoded image may be larger than what is supposed to be visible, see
  // |AVGetBuffer2|'s use of |avcodec_align_dimensions|. This crops the image
  // without copying the underlying buffer.
  if (av_frame_->width != i420_buffer->width() ||
      av_frame_->height != i420_buffer->height()) {
    rtc::scoped_refptr<VideoFrameBuffer> cropped_buf(
        new rtc::RefCountedObject<WrappedI420Buffer>(
            av_frame_->width, av_frame_->height,
            i420_buffer->DataY(), i420_buffer->StrideY(),
            i420_buffer->DataU(), i420_buffer->StrideU(),
            i420_buffer->DataV(), i420_buffer->StrideV(),
            rtc::KeepRefUntilDone(i420_buffer)));
    VideoFrame cropped_frame(
        cropped_buf, video_frame->timestamp(), video_frame->render_time_ms(),
        video_frame->rotation());
    // TODO(nisse): Timestamp and rotation are all zero here. Change decoder
    // interface to pass a VideoFrameBuffer instead of a VideoFrame?
    decoded_image_callback_->Decoded(cropped_frame, rtc::Optional<int32_t>(),
                                     qp);
  } else {
    // Return decoded frame.
    decoded_image_callback_->Decoded(*video_frame, rtc::Optional<int32_t>(),
                                     qp);
  }
  // Stop referencing it, possibly freeing |video_frame|.
  av_frame_unref(av_frame_.get());
  video_frame = nullptr;

  return WEBRTC_VIDEO_CODEC_OK;
}

const char* H264DecoderImpl::ImplementationName() const {
  return "FFmpeg";
}

bool H264DecoderImpl::IsInitialized() const {
  return av_context_ != nullptr;
}

void H264DecoderImpl::ReportInit() {
  if (has_reported_init_)
    return;
  RTC_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("WebRTC.Video.H264DecoderImpl.Event",
                            kH264DecoderEventInit,
                            kH264DecoderEventMax);
  has_reported_init_ = true;
}

void H264DecoderImpl::ReportError() {
  if (has_reported_error_)
    return;
  RTC_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("WebRTC.Video.H264DecoderImpl.Event",
                            kH264DecoderEventError,
                            kH264DecoderEventMax);
  has_reported_error_ = true;
}

}  // namespace webrtc