diff --git a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.cc b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.cc
index 4427d6c..da22746 100644
--- a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.cc
+++ b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.cc
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo::EncoderInfo()
     : scaling_settings(VideoEncoder::ScalingSettings::kOff),
       requested_resolution_alignment(1),
+      apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers(false),
       supports_native_handle(false),
       implementation_name("unknown"),
       has_trusted_rate_controller(false),
@@ -123,6 +124,8 @@
   oss << "min_pixels_per_frame = " << scaling_settings.min_pixels_per_frame
       << " }";
   oss << ", requested_resolution_alignment = " << requested_resolution_alignment
+      << ", apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = "
+      << apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers
       << ", supports_native_handle = " << supports_native_handle
       << ", implementation_name = '" << implementation_name
       << "'"
diff --git a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h
index 1ea19c6..d73c9f0 100644
--- a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h
+++ b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h
@@ -174,6 +174,15 @@
     // requirements the encoder has on the incoming video frame buffers.
     int requested_resolution_alignment;
 
+    // Same as above but if true, each simulcast layer should also be divisible
+    // by |requested_resolution_alignment|.
+    // Note that scale factors |scale_resolution_down_by| may be adjusted so a
+    // common multiple is not too large to avoid largely cropped frames and
+    // possibly with an aspect ratio far from the original.
+    // Warning: large values of scale_resolution_down_by could be changed
+    // considerably, especially if |requested_resolution_alignment| is large.
+    bool apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers;
+
     // If true, encoder supports working with a native handle (e.g. texture
     // handle for hw codecs) rather than requiring a raw I420 buffer.
     bool supports_native_handle;
diff --git a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.cc b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.cc
index 19b0135..5956d60 100644
--- a/api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.cc
+++ b/api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
   ss << ", num_temporal_layers: " << num_temporal_layers.value_or(1);
   ss << ", bitrate_priority: " << bitrate_priority.value_or(0);
   ss << ", active: " << active;
+  ss << ", scale_down_by: " << scale_resolution_down_by;
 
   return ss.str();
 }
diff --git a/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter.cc b/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter.cc
index 7706bd9..6e937578 100644
--- a/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter.cc
+++ b/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter.cc
@@ -642,6 +642,7 @@
   VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo encoder_info;
   encoder_info.implementation_name = "SimulcastEncoderAdapter";
   encoder_info.requested_resolution_alignment = 1;
+  encoder_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = false;
   encoder_info.supports_native_handle = true;
   encoder_info.scaling_settings.thresholds = absl::nullopt;
   if (streaminfos_.empty()) {
@@ -693,6 +694,9 @@
     encoder_info.requested_resolution_alignment = cricket::LeastCommonMultiple(
         encoder_info.requested_resolution_alignment,
         encoder_impl_info.requested_resolution_alignment);
+    if (encoder_impl_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers) {
+      encoder_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = true;
+    }
     if (num_active_streams == 1 && codec_.simulcastStream[i].active) {
       encoder_info.scaling_settings = encoder_impl_info.scaling_settings;
     }
diff --git a/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter_unittest.cc b/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter_unittest.cc
index 79b669c..24686e8 100644
--- a/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter_unittest.cc
+++ b/media/engine/simulcast_encoder_adapter_unittest.cc
@@ -232,6 +232,8 @@
     info.implementation_name = implementation_name_;
     info.scaling_settings = scaling_settings_;
     info.requested_resolution_alignment = requested_resolution_alignment_;
+    info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers =
+        apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_;
     info.has_trusted_rate_controller = has_trusted_rate_controller_;
     info.is_hardware_accelerated = is_hardware_accelerated_;
     info.has_internal_source = has_internal_source_;
@@ -274,6 +276,10 @@
     requested_resolution_alignment_ = requested_resolution_alignment;
   }
 
+  void set_apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers(bool apply) {
+    apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_ = apply;
+  }
+
   void set_has_trusted_rate_controller(bool trusted) {
     has_trusted_rate_controller_ = trusted;
   }
@@ -310,6 +316,7 @@
   std::string implementation_name_ = "unknown";
   VideoEncoder::ScalingSettings scaling_settings_;
   int requested_resolution_alignment_ = 1;
+  bool apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_ = false;
   bool has_trusted_rate_controller_ = false;
   bool is_hardware_accelerated_ = false;
   bool has_internal_source_ = false;
@@ -1259,6 +1266,31 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(adapter_->GetEncoderInfo().requested_resolution_alignment, 28);
 }
 
+TEST_F(TestSimulcastEncoderAdapterFake,
+       ReportsApplyAlignmentToSimulcastLayers) {
+  SimulcastTestFixtureImpl::DefaultSettings(
+      &codec_, static_cast<const int*>(kTestTemporalLayerProfile),
+      kVideoCodecVP8);
+  codec_.numberOfSimulcastStreams = 3;
+
+  // No encoder has apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers, report false.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adapter_->InitEncode(&codec_, kSettings));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, helper_->factory()->encoders().size());
+  for (MockVideoEncoder* encoder : helper_->factory()->encoders()) {
+    encoder->set_apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers(false);
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      adapter_->GetEncoderInfo().apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers);
+
+  // One encoder has apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers, report true.
+  helper_->factory()
+      ->encoders()[1]
+      ->set_apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers(true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adapter_->InitEncode(&codec_, kSettings));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      adapter_->GetEncoderInfo().apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers);
+}
+
 TEST_F(TestSimulcastEncoderAdapterFake, ReportsInternalSource) {
   SimulcastTestFixtureImpl::DefaultSettings(
       &codec_, static_cast<const int*>(kTestTemporalLayerProfile),
diff --git a/media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.cc b/media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.cc
index fa46e92..0c1c0cc 100644
--- a/media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.cc
+++ b/media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.cc
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "rtc_base/experiments/field_trial_parser.h"
 #include "rtc_base/experiments/field_trial_units.h"
 #include "rtc_base/experiments/min_video_bitrate_experiment.h"
+#include "rtc_base/experiments/normalize_simulcast_size_experiment.h"
 #include "rtc_base/logging.h"
 #include "rtc_base/numerics/safe_conversions.h"
 #include "rtc_base/strings/string_builder.h"
@@ -77,6 +78,20 @@
   return webrtc::field_trial::IsEnabled("WebRTC-FlexFEC-03-Advertised");
 }
 
+bool PowerOfTwo(int value) {
+  return (value > 0) && ((value & (value - 1)) == 0);
+}
+
+bool IsScaleFactorsPowerOfTwo(const webrtc::VideoEncoderConfig& config) {
+  for (const auto& layer : config.simulcast_layers) {
+    double scale = std::max(layer.scale_resolution_down_by, 1.0);
+    if (std::round(scale) != scale || !PowerOfTwo(scale)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 void AddDefaultFeedbackParams(VideoCodec* codec) {
   // Don't add any feedback params for RED and ULPFEC.
   if (codec->name == kRedCodecName || codec->name == kUlpfecCodecName)
@@ -3530,10 +3545,22 @@
       encoder_config.simulcast_layers, [](const webrtc::VideoStream& layer) {
         return layer.scale_resolution_down_by != -1.;
       });
+
+  bool default_scale_factors_used = true;
+  if (has_scale_resolution_down_by) {
+    default_scale_factors_used = IsScaleFactorsPowerOfTwo(encoder_config);
+  }
+  const bool norm_size_configured =
+      webrtc::NormalizeSimulcastSizeExperiment::GetBase2Exponent().has_value();
   const int normalized_width =
-      NormalizeSimulcastSize(width, encoder_config.number_of_streams);
+      (default_scale_factors_used || norm_size_configured)
+          ? NormalizeSimulcastSize(width, encoder_config.number_of_streams)
+          : width;
   const int normalized_height =
-      NormalizeSimulcastSize(height, encoder_config.number_of_streams);
+      (default_scale_factors_used || norm_size_configured)
+          ? NormalizeSimulcastSize(height, encoder_config.number_of_streams)
+          : height;
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
     layers[i].active = encoder_config.simulcast_layers[i].active;
     // Update with configured num temporal layers if supported by codec.
diff --git a/modules/video_coding/codecs/multiplex/multiplex_encoder_adapter.cc b/modules/video_coding/codecs/multiplex/multiplex_encoder_adapter.cc
index 6e21385..0620a78 100644
--- a/modules/video_coding/codecs/multiplex/multiplex_encoder_adapter.cc
+++ b/modules/video_coding/codecs/multiplex/multiplex_encoder_adapter.cc
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
   encoder_info_ = EncoderInfo();
   encoder_info_.implementation_name = "MultiplexEncoderAdapter (";
   encoder_info_.requested_resolution_alignment = 1;
+  encoder_info_.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = false;
   // This needs to be false so that we can do the split in Encode().
   encoder_info_.supports_native_handle = false;
 
@@ -137,6 +138,10 @@
         encoder_info_.requested_resolution_alignment,
         encoder_impl_info.requested_resolution_alignment);
 
+    if (encoder_impl_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers) {
+      encoder_info_.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = true;
+    }
+
     encoder_info_.has_internal_source = false;
 
     encoders_.emplace_back(std::move(encoder));
diff --git a/video/BUILD.gn b/video/BUILD.gn
index bcec102..06ef027 100644
--- a/video/BUILD.gn
+++ b/video/BUILD.gn
@@ -201,6 +201,8 @@
 
   # visibility = [ "../api/video:video_stream_encoder_create" ]
   sources = [
+    "alignment_adjuster.cc",
+    "alignment_adjuster.h",
     "encoder_bitrate_adjuster.cc",
     "encoder_bitrate_adjuster.h",
     "encoder_overshoot_detector.cc",
@@ -515,6 +517,7 @@
 
     defines = []
     sources = [
+      "alignment_adjuster_unittest.cc",
       "buffered_frame_decryptor_unittest.cc",
       "call_stats2_unittest.cc",
       "call_stats_unittest.cc",
diff --git a/video/alignment_adjuster.cc b/video/alignment_adjuster.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b08f2f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/video/alignment_adjuster.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2020 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include "video/alignment_adjuster.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "absl/algorithm/container.h"
+#include "rtc_base/logging.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+namespace {
+// Round each scale factor to the closest rational in form alignment/i where i
+// is a multiple of |requested_alignment|. Each resolution divisible by
+// |alignment| will be divisible by |requested_alignment| after the scale factor
+// is applied.
+double RoundToMultiple(int alignment,
+                       int requested_alignment,
+                       VideoEncoderConfig* config,
+                       bool update_config) {
+  double diff = 0.0;
+  for (auto& layer : config->simulcast_layers) {
+    double min_dist = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    double new_scale = 1.0;
+    for (int i = requested_alignment; i <= alignment;
+         i += requested_alignment) {
+      double dist = std::abs(layer.scale_resolution_down_by -
+                             alignment / static_cast<double>(i));
+      if (dist <= min_dist) {
+        min_dist = dist;
+        new_scale = alignment / static_cast<double>(i);
+      }
+    }
+    diff += std::abs(layer.scale_resolution_down_by - new_scale);
+    if (update_config) {
+      RTC_LOG(LS_INFO) << "scale_resolution_down_by "
+                       << layer.scale_resolution_down_by << " -> " << new_scale;
+      layer.scale_resolution_down_by = new_scale;
+    }
+  }
+  return diff;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// Input: encoder_info.requested_resolution_alignment (K)
+// Input: encoder_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers (B)
+// Input: vector config->simulcast_layers.scale_resolution_down_by (S[i])
+// Output:
+// If B is false, returns K and does not adjust scaling factors.
+// Otherwise, returns adjusted alignment (A), adjusted scaling factors (S'[i])
+// are written in |config| such that:
+//
+// A / S'[i] are integers divisible by K
+// sum abs(S'[i] - S[i]) -> min
+// A integer <= 16
+//
+// Solution chooses closest S'[i] in a form A / j where j is a multiple of K.
+
+int AlignmentAdjuster::GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(
+    const VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo& encoder_info,
+    VideoEncoderConfig* config) {
+  const int requested_alignment = encoder_info.requested_resolution_alignment;
+  if (!encoder_info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers) {
+    return requested_alignment;
+  }
+
+  if (requested_alignment < 1 || config->number_of_streams <= 1 ||
+      config->simulcast_layers.size() <= 1) {
+    return requested_alignment;
+  }
+
+  // Update alignment to also apply to simulcast layers.
+  const bool has_scale_resolution_down_by = absl::c_any_of(
+      config->simulcast_layers, [](const webrtc::VideoStream& layer) {
+        return layer.scale_resolution_down_by >= 1.0;
+      });
+
+  if (!has_scale_resolution_down_by) {
+    // Default resolution downscaling used (scale factors: 1, 2, 4, ...).
+    return requested_alignment * (1 << (config->simulcast_layers.size() - 1));
+  }
+
+  // Get alignment for downscaled layers.
+  // Adjust |scale_resolution_down_by| to a common multiple to limit the
+  // alignment value (to avoid largely cropped frames and possibly with an
+  // aspect ratio far from the original).
+  const int kMaxAlignment = 16;
+
+  for (auto& layer : config->simulcast_layers) {
+    layer.scale_resolution_down_by =
+        std::max(layer.scale_resolution_down_by, 1.0);
+    layer.scale_resolution_down_by =
+        std::min(layer.scale_resolution_down_by, 10000.0);
+  }
+
+  // Decide on common multiple to use.
+  double min_diff = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+  int best_alignment = 1;
+  for (int alignment = requested_alignment; alignment <= kMaxAlignment;
+       ++alignment) {
+    double diff = RoundToMultiple(alignment, requested_alignment, config,
+                                  /*update_config=*/false);
+    if (diff < min_diff) {
+      min_diff = diff;
+      best_alignment = alignment;
+    }
+  }
+  RoundToMultiple(best_alignment, requested_alignment, config,
+                  /*update_config=*/true);
+
+  return std::max(best_alignment, requested_alignment);
+}
+}  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/video/alignment_adjuster.h b/video/alignment_adjuster.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d7927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/video/alignment_adjuster.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2020 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#ifndef VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
+#define VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
+
+#include "api/video_codecs/video_encoder.h"
+#include "api/video_codecs/video_encoder_config.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+
+class AlignmentAdjuster {
+ public:
+  // Returns the resolution alignment requested by the encoder (i.e
+  // |EncoderInfo::requested_resolution_alignment| which ensures that delivered
+  // frames to the encoder are divisible by this alignment).
+  //
+  // If |EncoderInfo::apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers| is enabled, the
+  // alignment will be adjusted to ensure that each simulcast layer also is
+  // divisible by |requested_resolution_alignment|. The configured scale factors
+  // |scale_resolution_down_by| may be adjusted to a common multiple to limit
+  // the alignment value to avoid largely cropped frames and possibly with an
+  // aspect ratio far from the original.
+  static int GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(
+      const VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo& info,
+      VideoEncoderConfig* config);
+};
+
+}  // namespace webrtc
+
+#endif  // VIDEO_ALIGNMENT_ADJUSTER_H_
diff --git a/video/alignment_adjuster_unittest.cc b/video/alignment_adjuster_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07c7de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/video/alignment_adjuster_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2020 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#include "video/alignment_adjuster.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "rtc_base/numerics/safe_conversions.h"
+#include "test/encoder_settings.h"
+#include "test/gtest.h"
+
+namespace webrtc {
+namespace test {
+namespace {
+VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo GetEncoderInfo(int alignment, bool apply) {
+  VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo info;
+  info.requested_resolution_alignment = alignment;
+  info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers = apply;
+  return info;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+class AlignmentAdjusterTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<::testing::tuple<
+          int,
+          std::tuple<std::vector<double>, std::vector<double>, int>>> {
+ protected:
+  AlignmentAdjusterTest()
+      : kRequestedAlignment(std::get<0>(GetParam())),
+        kScaleFactors(std::get<0>(std::get<1>(GetParam()))),
+        kAdjustedScaleFactors(std::get<1>(std::get<1>(GetParam()))),
+        kAdjustedAlignment(std::get<2>(std::get<1>(GetParam()))) {}
+
+  const int kRequestedAlignment;
+  const std::vector<double> kScaleFactors;
+  const std::vector<double> kAdjustedScaleFactors;
+  const int kAdjustedAlignment;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    ScaleFactorsAndAlignment,
+    AlignmentAdjusterTest,
+    ::testing::Combine(
+        ::testing::Values(2),  // kRequestedAlignment
+        ::testing::Values(
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{-1.0},  // kScaleFactors
+                            std::vector<double>{-1.0},  // kAdjustedScaleFactors
+                            2),  // default: {1.0}      // kAdjustedAlignment
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0},
+                            std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0},
+                            4),  // default: {1.0, 2.0}
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0},
+                            std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0},
+                            8),  // default: {1.0, 2.0, 4.0}
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{1.0, 2.0, 4.0},
+                            std::vector<double>{1.0, 2.0, 4.0},
+                            8),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{9999.0, -1.0, 1.0},
+                            std::vector<double>{8.0, 1.0, 1.0},
+                            16),  // kMaxAlignment
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{3.99, 2.01, 1.0},
+                            std::vector<double>{4.0, 2.0, 1.0},
+                            8),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{2.9, 2.1},
+                            std::vector<double>{6.0 / 2.0, 6.0 / 3.0},
+                            12),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{4.9, 1.7, 1.2},
+                            std::vector<double>{5.0, 5.0 / 3.0, 5.0 / 4.0},
+                            10),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{1.0, 1.3},
+                            std::vector<double>{4.0 / 4.0, 4.0 / 3.0},
+                            8),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{1.75, 3.5},
+                            std::vector<double>{7.0 / 4.0, 7.0 / 2.0},
+                            7),
+            std::make_tuple(std::vector<double>{1.5, 2.5},
+                            std::vector<double>{1.5, 2.5},
+                            15))));
+
+TEST_P(AlignmentAdjusterTest, AlignmentAppliedToAllLayers) {
+  const bool kApplyAlignmentToAllLayers = true;
+
+  // Fill config with the scaling factor by which to reduce encoding size.
+  const int num_streams = kScaleFactors.size();
+  VideoEncoderConfig config;
+  test::FillEncoderConfiguration(kVideoCodecVP8, num_streams, &config);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i) {
+    config.simulcast_layers[i].scale_resolution_down_by = kScaleFactors[i];
+  }
+
+  // Verify requested alignment from sink.
+  VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo info =
+      GetEncoderInfo(kRequestedAlignment, kApplyAlignmentToAllLayers);
+  int alignment =
+      AlignmentAdjuster::GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(info, &config);
+  EXPECT_EQ(alignment, kAdjustedAlignment);
+
+  // Verify adjusted scale factors.
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(config.simulcast_layers[i].scale_resolution_down_by,
+              kAdjustedScaleFactors[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_P(AlignmentAdjusterTest, AlignmentNotAppliedToAllLayers) {
+  const bool kApplyAlignmentToAllLayers = false;
+
+  // Fill config with the scaling factor by which to reduce encoding size.
+  const int num_streams = kScaleFactors.size();
+  VideoEncoderConfig config;
+  test::FillEncoderConfiguration(kVideoCodecVP8, num_streams, &config);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i) {
+    config.simulcast_layers[i].scale_resolution_down_by = kScaleFactors[i];
+  }
+
+  // Verify requested alignment from sink, alignment is not adjusted.
+  VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo info =
+      GetEncoderInfo(kRequestedAlignment, kApplyAlignmentToAllLayers);
+  int alignment =
+      AlignmentAdjuster::GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(info, &config);
+  EXPECT_EQ(alignment, kRequestedAlignment);
+
+  // Verify that scale factors are not adjusted.
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(config.simulcast_layers[i].scale_resolution_down_by,
+              kScaleFactors[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace test
+}  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/video/video_stream_encoder.cc b/video/video_stream_encoder.cc
index cb6080b..988816e 100644
--- a/video/video_stream_encoder.cc
+++ b/video/video_stream_encoder.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include "rtc_base/trace_event.h"
 #include "system_wrappers/include/field_trial.h"
 #include "video/adaptation/video_stream_encoder_resource_manager.h"
+#include "video/alignment_adjuster.h"
 
 namespace webrtc {
 
@@ -541,6 +542,36 @@
     encoder_switch_requested_ = true;
   }
 
+  bool encoder_reset_required = false;
+  if (pending_encoder_creation_) {
+    // Destroy existing encoder instance before creating a new one. Otherwise
+    // attempt to create another instance will fail if encoder factory
+    // supports only single instance of encoder of given type.
+    encoder_.reset();
+
+    encoder_ = settings_.encoder_factory->CreateVideoEncoder(
+        encoder_config_.video_format);
+    // TODO(nisse): What to do if creating the encoder fails? Crash,
+    // or just discard incoming frames?
+    RTC_CHECK(encoder_);
+
+    if (encoder_selector_) {
+      encoder_selector_->OnCurrentEncoder(encoder_config_.video_format);
+    }
+
+    encoder_->SetFecControllerOverride(fec_controller_override_);
+
+    codec_info_ = settings_.encoder_factory->QueryVideoEncoder(
+        encoder_config_.video_format);
+
+    encoder_reset_required = true;
+  }
+
+  // Possibly adjusts scale_resolution_down_by in |encoder_config_| to limit the
+  // alignment value.
+  int alignment = AlignmentAdjuster::GetAlignmentAndMaybeAdjustScaleFactors(
+      encoder_->GetEncoderInfo(), &encoder_config_);
+
   std::vector<VideoStream> streams =
       encoder_config_.video_stream_factory->CreateEncoderStreams(
           last_frame_info_->width, last_frame_info_->height, encoder_config_);
@@ -573,31 +604,6 @@
   crop_width_ = last_frame_info_->width - highest_stream_width;
   crop_height_ = last_frame_info_->height - highest_stream_height;
 
-  bool encoder_reset_required = false;
-  if (pending_encoder_creation_) {
-    // Destroy existing encoder instance before creating a new one. Otherwise
-    // attempt to create another instance will fail if encoder factory
-    // supports only single instance of encoder of given type.
-    encoder_.reset();
-
-    encoder_ = settings_.encoder_factory->CreateVideoEncoder(
-        encoder_config_.video_format);
-    // TODO(nisse): What to do if creating the encoder fails? Crash,
-    // or just discard incoming frames?
-    RTC_CHECK(encoder_);
-
-    if (encoder_selector_) {
-      encoder_selector_->OnCurrentEncoder(encoder_config_.video_format);
-    }
-
-    encoder_->SetFecControllerOverride(fec_controller_override_);
-
-    codec_info_ = settings_.encoder_factory->QueryVideoEncoder(
-        encoder_config_.video_format);
-
-    encoder_reset_required = true;
-  }
-
   encoder_bitrate_limits_ =
       encoder_->GetEncoderInfo().GetEncoderBitrateLimitsForResolution(
           last_frame_info_->width * last_frame_info_->height);
@@ -705,7 +711,6 @@
   for (const auto& stream : streams) {
     max_framerate = std::max(stream.max_framerate, max_framerate);
   }
-  int alignment = encoder_->GetEncoderInfo().requested_resolution_alignment;
   if (max_framerate != video_source_sink_controller_.frame_rate_upper_limit() ||
       alignment != video_source_sink_controller_.resolution_alignment()) {
     video_source_sink_controller_.SetFrameRateUpperLimit(max_framerate);
diff --git a/video/video_stream_encoder_unittest.cc b/video/video_stream_encoder_unittest.cc
index 0bab521..c0ff85e 100644
--- a/video/video_stream_encoder_unittest.cc
+++ b/video/video_stream_encoder_unittest.cc
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "common_video/h264/h264_common.h"
 #include "common_video/include/video_frame_buffer.h"
 #include "media/base/video_adapter.h"
+#include "media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.h"
 #include "modules/video_coding/codecs/vp9/include/vp9_globals.h"
 #include "modules/video_coding/utility/quality_scaler.h"
 #include "modules/video_coding/utility/simulcast_rate_allocator.h"
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@
 
   if (last_frame_pixels <= 320 * 240) {
     fps_range_matcher = AllOf(Ge(7), Le(10));
-  } else if (last_frame_pixels <= 480 * 270) {
+  } else if (last_frame_pixels <= 480 * 360) {
     fps_range_matcher = AllOf(Ge(10), Le(15));
   } else if (last_frame_pixels <= 640 * 480) {
     fps_range_matcher = Ge(15);
@@ -803,6 +804,8 @@
 
       info.resolution_bitrate_limits = resolution_bitrate_limits_;
       info.requested_resolution_alignment = requested_resolution_alignment_;
+      info.apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers =
+          apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_;
       return info;
     }
 
@@ -832,6 +835,11 @@
       requested_resolution_alignment_ = requested_resolution_alignment;
     }
 
+    void SetApplyAlignmentToAllSimulcastLayers(bool b) {
+      MutexLock lock(&local_mutex_);
+      apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_ = b;
+    }
+
     void SetIsHardwareAccelerated(bool is_hardware_accelerated) {
       MutexLock lock(&local_mutex_);
       is_hardware_accelerated_ = is_hardware_accelerated;
@@ -918,6 +926,11 @@
       return num_set_rates_;
     }
 
+    VideoCodec video_codec() const {
+      MutexLock lock(&local_mutex_);
+      return video_codec_;
+    }
+
    private:
     int32_t Encode(const VideoFrame& input_image,
                    const std::vector<VideoFrameType>* frame_types) override {
@@ -971,6 +984,7 @@
       EXPECT_EQ(initialized_, EncoderState::kUninitialized);
 
       ++num_encoder_initializations_;
+      video_codec_ = *config;
 
       if (config->codecType == kVideoCodecVP8) {
         // Simulate setting up temporal layers, in order to validate the life
@@ -1030,6 +1044,8 @@
     int last_input_height_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) = 0;
     bool quality_scaling_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) = true;
     int requested_resolution_alignment_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) = 1;
+    bool apply_alignment_to_all_simulcast_layers_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) =
+        false;
     bool is_hardware_accelerated_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) = false;
     rtc::scoped_refptr<EncodedImageBufferInterface> encoded_image_data_
         RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_);
@@ -1054,6 +1070,7 @@
     std::vector<ResolutionBitrateLimits> resolution_bitrate_limits_
         RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_);
     int num_set_rates_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_) = 0;
+    VideoCodec video_codec_ RTC_GUARDED_BY(local_mutex_);
   };
 
   class TestSink : public VideoStreamEncoder::EncoderSink {
@@ -1098,18 +1115,6 @@
       EXPECT_EQ(expected_width, width);
     }
 
-    void CheckLastFrameSizeIsMultipleOf(int resolution_alignment) {
-      int width = 0;
-      int height = 0;
-      {
-        MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-        width = last_width_;
-        height = last_height_;
-      }
-      EXPECT_EQ(width % resolution_alignment, 0);
-      EXPECT_EQ(height % resolution_alignment, 0);
-    }
-
     void CheckLastFrameRotationMatches(VideoRotation expected_rotation) {
       VideoRotation rotation;
       {
@@ -1776,30 +1781,88 @@
   video_stream_encoder_->Stop();
 }
 
-TEST_F(VideoStreamEncoderTest, SinkWantsResolutionAlignment) {
-  constexpr int kRequestedResolutionAlignment = 7;
+class ResolutionAlignmentTest
+    : public VideoStreamEncoderTest,
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<
+          ::testing::tuple<int, std::vector<double>>> {
+ public:
+  ResolutionAlignmentTest()
+      : requested_alignment_(::testing::get<0>(GetParam())),
+        scale_factors_(::testing::get<1>(GetParam())) {}
+
+ protected:
+  const int requested_alignment_;
+  const std::vector<double> scale_factors_;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AlignmentAndScaleFactors,
+    ResolutionAlignmentTest,
+    ::testing::Combine(
+        ::testing::Values(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 22),  // requested_alignment_
+        ::testing::Values(std::vector<double>{-1.0},  // scale_factors_
+                          std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{4.0, 2.0, 1.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{9999.0, -1.0, 1.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{3.99, 2.01, 1.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{4.9, 1.7, 1.25},
+                          std::vector<double>{10.0, 4.0, 3.0},
+                          std::vector<double>{1.75, 3.5},
+                          std::vector<double>{1.5, 2.5},
+                          std::vector<double>{1.3, 1.0})));
+
+TEST_P(ResolutionAlignmentTest, SinkWantsAlignmentApplied) {
+  // Set requested resolution alignment.
   video_source_.set_adaptation_enabled(true);
-  fake_encoder_.SetRequestedResolutionAlignment(kRequestedResolutionAlignment);
+  fake_encoder_.SetRequestedResolutionAlignment(requested_alignment_);
+  fake_encoder_.SetApplyAlignmentToAllSimulcastLayers(true);
+
+  // Fill config with the scaling factor by which to reduce encoding size.
+  const int num_streams = scale_factors_.size();
+  VideoEncoderConfig config;
+  test::FillEncoderConfiguration(kVideoCodecVP8, num_streams, &config);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_streams; ++i) {
+    config.simulcast_layers[i].scale_resolution_down_by = scale_factors_[i];
+  }
+  config.video_stream_factory =
+      new rtc::RefCountedObject<cricket::EncoderStreamFactory>(
+          "VP8", /*max qp*/ 56, /*screencast*/ false,
+          /*screenshare enabled*/ false);
+  video_stream_encoder_->ConfigureEncoder(std::move(config), kMaxPayloadLength);
+
   video_stream_encoder_->OnBitrateUpdatedAndWaitForManagedResources(
-      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kTargetBitrateBps),
-      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kTargetBitrateBps),
-      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kTargetBitrateBps), 0, 0, 0);
+      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kSimulcastTargetBitrateBps),
+      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kSimulcastTargetBitrateBps),
+      DataRate::BitsPerSec(kSimulcastTargetBitrateBps), 0, 0, 0);
+  // Wait for all layers before triggering event.
+  sink_.SetNumExpectedLayers(num_streams);
 
   // On the 1st frame, we should have initialized the encoder and
   // asked for its resolution requirements.
-  video_source_.IncomingCapturedFrame(
-      CreateFrame(1, codec_width_, codec_height_));
-  WaitForEncodedFrame(1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(video_source_.sink_wants().resolution_alignment,
-            kRequestedResolutionAlignment);
+  int64_t timestamp_ms = kFrameIntervalMs;
+  video_source_.IncomingCapturedFrame(CreateFrame(timestamp_ms, 1280, 720));
+  WaitForEncodedFrame(timestamp_ms);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, fake_encoder_.GetNumEncoderInitializations());
 
   // On the 2nd frame, we should be receiving a correctly aligned resolution.
   // (It's up the to the encoder to potentially drop the previous frame,
   // to avoid coding back-to-back keyframes.)
-  video_source_.IncomingCapturedFrame(
-      CreateFrame(2, codec_width_, codec_height_));
-  WaitForEncodedFrame(2);
-  sink_.CheckLastFrameSizeIsMultipleOf(kRequestedResolutionAlignment);
+  timestamp_ms += kFrameIntervalMs;
+  video_source_.IncomingCapturedFrame(CreateFrame(timestamp_ms, 1280, 720));
+  WaitForEncodedFrame(timestamp_ms);
+  EXPECT_GE(fake_encoder_.GetNumEncoderInitializations(), 1);
+
+  VideoCodec codec = fake_encoder_.video_codec();
+  EXPECT_EQ(codec.numberOfSimulcastStreams, num_streams);
+  // Frame size should be a multiple of the requested alignment.
+  for (int i = 0; i < codec.numberOfSimulcastStreams; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(codec.simulcastStream[i].width % requested_alignment_, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(codec.simulcastStream[i].height % requested_alignment_, 0);
+    // Aspect ratio should match.
+    EXPECT_EQ(codec.width * codec.simulcastStream[i].height,
+              codec.height * codec.simulcastStream[i].width);
+  }
 
   video_stream_encoder_->Stop();
 }