Refactor waiting for timeout in PhysicalSocketServer

- Move timeout related logic into dedicated helper class, thus unifying that logic across multiple call sites.
- Switch function to query current time from TimeMicros to SystemTime to stress this class doesn't support injected clock.
- Use TimeDelta type instead of plain int to pass around timeout.
- Delete unused function GetSocketRecvTimestamp

Bug: webrtc:42223992
Change-Id: I1f483985c8764539f20c51846d35daa62f90b108
Reviewed-on: https://webrtc-review.googlesource.com/c/src/+/465702
Reviewed-by: Evan Shrubsole <eshr@webrtc.org>
Commit-Queue: Danil Chapovalov <danilchap@webrtc.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#47518}