Reland "Cache RtpSender parameters to reduce worker thread blocking"

This is a reland of commit 969e534de205b20ecdc2a73939d2219c8317323f

Original change's description:
> Cache RtpSender parameters to reduce worker thread blocking
>
> This avoids some blocking calls when collecting stats and also during
> negotiation, at most 8 (total blocking reduced by 8 in one line) for
> `RenegotiateManyVideoTransceiversAndWatchAudioDelay`.
>
> This change introduces a caching mechanism for internal fetching of
> RtpSender parameters to reduce the frequency of blocking calls to the
> worker thread. Previously, retrieving parameters always required a
> thread hop.
>
> Key changes include:
>
> Adding cached_parameters_ to RtpSenderBase to store the latest known
> state.
>
> Updating GetParametersInternal to return the cached value when available
> and requested.
>
> While running the `RenegotiateManyVideoTransceiversAndWatchAudioDelay`
> test, which does not measure stats collection, blocking call count is
> reduced to varying degrees, highest being 8 fewer blocking calls for a
> single method call.
>
> Bug: webrtc:42222804
> Change-Id: Ife4100e1d6e72e2287ae37ee1fc042a0cf44ebbc
> Reviewed-on: https://webrtc-review.googlesource.com/c/src/+/442443
> Reviewed-by: Harald Alvestrand <hta@webrtc.org>
> Commit-Queue: Tomas Gunnarsson <tommi@webrtc.org>
> Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#46699}

Bug: webrtc:42222804
Change-Id: Ifb5ce0e3086dc278e171ad15cb07df00b5923b18
Reviewed-on: https://webrtc-review.googlesource.com/c/src/+/442922
Reviewed-by: Harald Alvestrand <hta@webrtc.org>
Commit-Queue: Tomas Gunnarsson <tommi@webrtc.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#46714}