blob: 06eb71e366ee7f6f8ef86d85550f507128e5fdfd [file] [log] [blame]
/*
* Copyright 2021 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include "media/engine/webrtc_video_engine.h"
#include "modules/video_coding/svc/scalability_mode_util.h"
#include "rtc_base/experiments/encoder_info_settings.h"
#include "test/call_test.h"
#include "test/fake_encoder.h"
#include "test/field_trial.h"
#include "test/gtest.h"
#include "test/video_encoder_proxy_factory.h"
#include "test/video_test_constants.h"
#include "video/config/encoder_stream_factory.h"
namespace webrtc {
namespace test {
namespace {
void SetEncoderSpecific(VideoEncoderConfig* encoder_config,
VideoCodecType type,
size_t num_spatial_layers) {
if (type == kVideoCodecVP9) {
VideoCodecVP9 vp9 = VideoEncoder::GetDefaultVp9Settings();
vp9.numberOfSpatialLayers = num_spatial_layers;
encoder_config->encoder_specific_settings =
rtc::make_ref_counted<VideoEncoderConfig::Vp9EncoderSpecificSettings>(
vp9);
}
}
struct BitrateLimits {
DataRate min = DataRate::Zero();
DataRate max = DataRate::Zero();
};
BitrateLimits GetLayerBitrateLimits(int pixels, const VideoCodec& codec) {
if (codec.codecType == VideoCodecType::kVideoCodecAV1) {
EXPECT_TRUE(codec.GetScalabilityMode().has_value());
for (int i = 0;
i < ScalabilityModeToNumSpatialLayers(*(codec.GetScalabilityMode()));
++i) {
if (codec.spatialLayers[i].width * codec.spatialLayers[i].height ==
pixels) {
return {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.spatialLayers[i].minBitrate),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.spatialLayers[i].maxBitrate)};
}
}
} else if (codec.codecType == VideoCodecType::kVideoCodecVP9) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < codec.VP9().numberOfSpatialLayers; ++i) {
if (codec.spatialLayers[i].width * codec.spatialLayers[i].height ==
pixels) {
return {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.spatialLayers[i].minBitrate),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.spatialLayers[i].maxBitrate)};
}
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < codec.numberOfSimulcastStreams; ++i) {
if (codec.simulcastStream[i].width * codec.simulcastStream[i].height ==
pixels) {
return {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.simulcastStream[i].minBitrate),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(codec.simulcastStream[i].maxBitrate)};
}
}
}
ADD_FAILURE();
return BitrateLimits();
}
bool SupportsSpatialLayers(const std::string& payload_name) {
return payload_name == "VP9" || payload_name == "AV1";
}
} // namespace
class ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest : public test::CallTest {};
class ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest
: public test::CallTest,
public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::string> {
public:
ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest() : payload_name_(GetParam()) {}
const std::string payload_name_;
};
INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PayloadName,
ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest,
::testing::Values("VP8", "VP9"),
[](const ::testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>& info) {
return info.param;
});
class InitEncodeTest : public test::EndToEndTest,
public test::FrameGeneratorCapturer::SinkWantsObserver,
public test::FakeEncoder {
public:
struct Bitrate {
const std::optional<DataRate> min;
const std::optional<DataRate> max;
};
struct TestConfig {
const bool active;
const Bitrate bitrate;
const std::optional<ScalabilityMode> scalability_mode;
};
struct Expectation {
const uint32_t pixels = 0;
const Bitrate eq_bitrate;
const Bitrate ne_bitrate;
};
InitEncodeTest(const Environment& env,
const std::string& payload_name,
const std::vector<TestConfig>& configs,
const std::vector<Expectation>& expectations)
: EndToEndTest(test::VideoTestConstants::kDefaultTimeout),
FakeEncoder(env),
encoder_factory_(this),
payload_name_(payload_name),
configs_(configs),
expectations_(expectations),
encoder_info_override_(env.field_trials()) {}
void OnFrameGeneratorCapturerCreated(
test::FrameGeneratorCapturer* frame_generator_capturer) override {
frame_generator_capturer->SetSinkWantsObserver(this);
// Set initial resolution.
frame_generator_capturer->ChangeResolution(1280, 720);
}
void OnSinkWantsChanged(rtc::VideoSinkInterface<VideoFrame>* sink,
const rtc::VideoSinkWants& wants) override {}
size_t GetNumVideoStreams() const override {
return SupportsSpatialLayers(payload_name_) ? 1 : configs_.size();
}
void ModifyVideoConfigs(
VideoSendStream::Config* send_config,
std::vector<VideoReceiveStreamInterface::Config>* receive_configs,
VideoEncoderConfig* encoder_config) override {
send_config->encoder_settings.encoder_factory = &encoder_factory_;
send_config->rtp.payload_name = payload_name_;
send_config->rtp.payload_type =
test::VideoTestConstants::kVideoSendPayloadType;
const VideoCodecType codec_type = PayloadStringToCodecType(payload_name_);
encoder_config->codec_type = codec_type;
encoder_config->video_stream_factory = nullptr;
encoder_config->max_bitrate_bps = -1;
if (configs_.size() == 1 && configs_[0].bitrate.max)
encoder_config->max_bitrate_bps = configs_[0].bitrate.max->bps();
if (SupportsSpatialLayers(payload_name_)) {
// Simulcast layers indicates which spatial layers are active.
encoder_config->simulcast_layers.resize(configs_.size());
}
double scale_factor = 1.0;
for (int i = configs_.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
VideoStream& stream = encoder_config->simulcast_layers[i];
stream.active = configs_[i].active;
stream.scalability_mode = configs_[i].scalability_mode;
if (configs_[i].bitrate.min)
stream.min_bitrate_bps = configs_[i].bitrate.min->bps();
if (configs_[i].bitrate.max)
stream.max_bitrate_bps = configs_[i].bitrate.max->bps();
stream.scale_resolution_down_by = scale_factor;
scale_factor *= SupportsSpatialLayers(payload_name_) ? 1.0 : 2.0;
}
SetEncoderSpecific(encoder_config, codec_type, configs_.size());
}
int32_t InitEncode(const VideoCodec* codec,
const Settings& settings) override {
for (const auto& expected : expectations_) {
BitrateLimits limits = GetLayerBitrateLimits(expected.pixels, *codec);
if (expected.eq_bitrate.min)
EXPECT_EQ(*expected.eq_bitrate.min, limits.min);
if (expected.eq_bitrate.max)
EXPECT_EQ(*expected.eq_bitrate.max, limits.max);
EXPECT_NE(expected.ne_bitrate.min, limits.min);
EXPECT_NE(expected.ne_bitrate.max, limits.max);
}
observation_complete_.Set();
return 0;
}
VideoEncoder::EncoderInfo GetEncoderInfo() const override {
EncoderInfo info = FakeEncoder::GetEncoderInfo();
if (!encoder_info_override_.resolution_bitrate_limits().empty()) {
info.resolution_bitrate_limits =
encoder_info_override_.resolution_bitrate_limits();
}
return info;
}
void PerformTest() override {
ASSERT_TRUE(Wait()) << "Timed out while waiting for InitEncode() call.";
}
private:
test::VideoEncoderProxyFactory encoder_factory_;
const std::string payload_name_;
const std::vector<TestConfig> configs_;
const std::vector<Expectation> expectations_;
const LibvpxVp8EncoderInfoSettings encoder_info_override_;
};
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, LimitsApplied) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_, {{.active = true}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
OneStreamDefaultMaxBitrateAppliedForOneSpatialLayer) {
InitEncodeTest test(env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(30),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3000)},
.scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(30),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3000)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
OneStreamSvcMaxBitrateAppliedForTwoSpatialLayers) {
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(30),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3000)},
.scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL2T1}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {std::nullopt, DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3000)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
OneStreamLimitsAppliedForOneSpatialLayer) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
OneStreamLimitsNotAppliedForMultipleSpatialLayers) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:21000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL2T1}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(31),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(2222)}},
{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, EncodingsApplied) {
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(22),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3555)}}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(22),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3555)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, IntersectionApplied) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(22),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, LimitsAppliedMiddleActive) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:21000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = false}, {.active = true}, {.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(21),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(2222)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, EncodingMinBitrateAppliedMiddleActive) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
// Max bitrate: min of encoding and bitrate limits used.
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = false,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1000)}},
{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, DefaultLimitsAppliedMiddleActive) {
const std::optional<VideoEncoder::ResolutionBitrateLimits>
kDefaultSinglecastLimits360p =
EncoderInfoSettings::GetDefaultSinglecastBitrateLimitsForResolution(
PayloadStringToCodecType(payload_name_), 640 * 360);
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = false}, {.active = true}, {.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.eq_bitrate = {
DataRate::BitsPerSec(kDefaultSinglecastLimits360p->min_bitrate_bps),
DataRate::BitsPerSec(
kDefaultSinglecastLimits360p->max_bitrate_bps)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
DefaultLimitsAppliedForOneSpatialLayer) {
const std::optional<VideoEncoder::ResolutionBitrateLimits>
kDefaultSinglecastLimits720p =
EncoderInfoSettings::GetDefaultSinglecastBitrateLimitsForResolution(
PayloadStringToCodecType("VP9"), 1280 * 720);
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T3},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {
DataRate::BitsPerSec(kDefaultSinglecastLimits720p->min_bitrate_bps),
DataRate::BitsPerSec(
kDefaultSinglecastLimits720p->max_bitrate_bps)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, LimitsAppliedHighestActive) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = false}, {.active = false}, {.active = true}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, EncodingMinBitrateAppliedHighestActive) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
// Max bitrate: min of encoding and bitrate limits used.
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = false,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(500)}},
{.active = false,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1000)}},
{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1555)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, LimitsNotAppliedLowestActive) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = true}, {.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(31),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(2222)}},
{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
LimitsAppliedForVp9OneSpatialLayer) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
LimitsNotAppliedForVp9MultipleSpatialLayers) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "VP9",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL2T1},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(31),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(2222)}},
{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
OneStreamLimitsAppliedForAv1OneSpatialLayer) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:133000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "AV1",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(133)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
LimitsAppliedForAv1SingleSpatialLayer) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:25000|80000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:400000|1200000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "AV1",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(80),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1200)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
EncodingMinBitrateAppliedForAv1SingleSpatialLayer) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:133000/");
// Max bitrate: min of encoding and bitrate limits used.
InitEncodeTest test(env(), "AV1",
{{.active = true,
.bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(100)},
.scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL1T1},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.eq_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(28),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(100)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_F(ResolutionBitrateLimitsWithScalabilityModeTest,
LimitsNotAppliedForAv1MultipleSpatialLayers) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:20000|25000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:900000|1333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(
env(), "AV1",
{{.active = true, .scalability_mode = ScalabilityMode::kL2T1},
{.active = false}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(20),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(900)}},
{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(25),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(1333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
TEST_P(ResolutionBitrateLimitsTest, LimitsNotAppliedSimulcast) {
webrtc::test::ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
"WebRTC-GetEncoderInfoOverride/"
"frame_size_pixels:230400|921600,"
"min_start_bitrate_bps:0|0,"
"min_bitrate_bps:31000|32000,"
"max_bitrate_bps:2222000|3333000/");
InitEncodeTest test(env(), payload_name_,
{{.active = true}, {.active = true}},
// Expectations:
{{.pixels = 640 * 360,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(31),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(2222)}},
{.pixels = 1280 * 720,
.ne_bitrate = {DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(32),
DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(3333)}}});
RunBaseTest(&test);
}
} // namespace test
} // namespace webrtc