Add a check that sanitizers cause a fatal failure

Inspired by https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/base/tools_sanity_unittest.cc

BUG=webrtc:8214
R=kjellander@webrtc.org, kwiberg@webrtc.org

Review-Url: https://codereview.webrtc.org/3005273002 .
Cr-Original-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#19830}
Cr-Mirrored-From: https://webrtc.googlesource.com/src
Cr-Mirrored-Commit: 66ca7e3b06aeb3b2804596914e1f6313d9bbe98d